Educated at local schools run by the Protestant Pietists, Engels was sent to England by his industrialist father to manage his cotton-factory in Manchester. Engels was appalled at the poverty of Manchester and wrote Conditions of the Working Classes in England (1844), based on his experiences there. That same year he began contributing papers to the Franco-German Annals in Paris, which was edited by Karl Marx. The two eventually met and became life-long friends and collaborators. After Marx was ordered to leave France, he and Engels went to Belgium where, in 1846, they established the Communist Correspondence Committee. They produced The Communist Manifesto in 1848, which was based on a draft by Engels entitled Principles of Communism. They were soon expelled from Belgium and returned to Germany, settling in Cologne. They founded the Neue Rheinische Zeitung (New Rheinish Gazette), a radical newspaper which they hped would encourage and foment revolution. Engels escaped arrest in 1848 and fled to London; Marx was subsequently expelled in 1849 and joined Engels there. Throughout Marx's career, he was financially supported by Engels. Engels returned to Manchester and worked for his father's firm for the next twenty years, while keeping up a continual correspondence with Marx. After Marx's death, Engels ensured that the volumes of Das Kapital were edited and published. Other well-known works by Engels include The Peasant War in Germany (1850), Lessons of the American War (1861), On Authority (1874), Anti-Duhring (1878), Socialism: Utopian and Scientific (1880), Dialectics of Nature (1883), Origins of the Family, Private Property and the State (1884) and On the History of Early Christianity (1894). |
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