Educated at Winchester College and Balliol College, Oxford, Toynbee began a teaching career at Balliol in 1912. The nephew of the great economic historian, Arnold Toynbee. He moved on to teaching positions at King's College, London, the London School of Economics and the Royal Institute of International Affairs, the latter of which he retired from as the Director of Studies in 1955. During World War I, Toynbee worked for Intelligence with the British Foreign Office and was a delegate to the Paris Peace Conference in 1919. During the Second World War, he again worked for the Foreign Office. As an historian, Toynbee presented history as the rise and fall of civilizations and dealt more with cultures than with nationalities. His many works include Nationality and the War (1915), Turkey: A Past and a Future (1917), The Western Question in Greece and Turkey (1922), A Journey to China (1931), A Study of History (12 Vols. 1934-1959), Civilization on Trial (1948), The World and the West (1953), An Historian's Approach to Religion (1956), Democracy in the Atomic Age (1957), Between Oxus and Jumna (1961), Change and Habit (1966), Experiences (1969) and Surviving the Future (1971). |
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